A modeling operation that rotates a 2D sketch profile around a central axis to generate a rotationally symmetric 3D solid.
Revolve (or revolution) sweeps a 2D profile through an angle (up to 360°) around a defined axis of revolution. The result is always rotationally symmetric. Partial revolves (less than 360°) produce arc-shaped solids. The operation is equivalent to what a CNC lathe does physically. In OpenSCAD this is `rotate_extrude()`. Revolve is the natural choice for any cylindrical, spherical, or toroidal geometry.
Revolve is used for: vases, cups, knobs, pulleys, shafts, nozzles, O-ring grooves, and any symmetric turned part. For 3D printing, revolved bodies print most efficiently when oriented with their symmetry axis vertical (Z), allowing uniform layer deposition around the perimeter. Revolves with holes (annular profiles) produce hollow cylinders without needing a separate boolean difference.
The 2D profile must not cross the axis of revolution: this creates self-intersecting geometry. Profiles that touch the axis (not cross it) are fine and produce solid rather than hollow bodies. Very narrow revolves (< 1°) produce near-degenerate geometry. Full 360° revolves with very thin wall profiles may need minimum wall thickness validation before printing.
| Field | 3D design, engineering |
|---|---|
| Also called | revolution, rotational sweep, lathe |
Engineer, author of The Big Book of 3D Printing and additive manufacturing expert