The angular position of a part relative to the build platform, determining anisotropic mechanical properties, surface quality, support requirements, and build time.
FDM parts are weakest in the Z-direction (inter-layer adhesion). Tensile strength in Z is typically 40–70% of XY strength. Build orientation controls: (1) which surfaces are smooth vs. stepped, (2) where overhangs occur, (3) anisotropy alignment with load paths, (4) support volume, (5) build time.
Orient critical load paths parallel to the XY plane. For threaded holes, orient the thread axis horizontal (XY) to maximize thread strength. Print cylindrical features upright for best roundness. Use a build orientation analysis tool (e.g., Materialise Magics) for complex parts.
Optimizing orientation for one criterion degrades another. A part oriented for surface finish may be weak in its critical load direction. Always run FEA on the as-printed orientation, not nominal isotropic properties.
Related terms: DfAM (Design for Additive Manufacturing), Overhang Rule, Surface Roughness, Stress Concentration
| Field | engineering |
|---|---|
| Also called | print orientation, part orientation, Z-axis orientation |
| Source | EDi Brain: rules-core |
Engineer, author of The Big Book of 3D Printing and additive manufacturing expert