Open-cell three-dimensional networks (trusses, gyroids, TPMS) that replace solid volume to reduce mass while preserving structural integrity: a signature DfAM capability of powder-bed metal printing.
Lattice structures are periodic open-cell geometries, BCC/FCC trusses, Schwartz-P, gyroid (G-surface), derived from triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). They distribute stress along thin struts rather than through solid bulk, yielding specific stiffness values far above solid geometry at the same mass. Gyroid surfaces have zero mean curvature everywhere, making them self-supporting at fine scales and mechanically isotropic.
In DMLS, lattice infill replaces solid interior on titanium implants (porous surface promotes osseointegration), aerospace brackets (60–80% mass reduction vs. solid), and heat exchangers (gyroid channels offer large surface area per volume). Software such as nTopology and Materialise Magics generates field-driven lattices where strut thickness follows a stress or thermal map from FEA.
Closed-cell lattices trap metal powder inside: always add drainage holes ≥ 3 mm. Very fine struts (< 0.4 mm) risk incomplete fusion or recoater collision. Stress-relief heat treatment is mandatory before part removal; skipping it causes cracking at thin nodes.
Related terms: Topology Optimization, Lightweighting / Mass Reduction, Generative Design
| Theme | optimization |
|---|---|
| DMLS | None None None: Recommended for weight reduction. Penalty: powder trapped inside closed cells requires drainage holes ≥ 3 mm. |
| Also called | lattice, gyroid, TPMS lattice, periodic minimal surface |
| Source | Wiki/tech/dmls.md, Wiki/concepts/dfam.md, Wiki/concepts/course-ntopology.md |
Engineer, author of The Big Book of 3D Printing and additive manufacturing expert