Layer Height

Theoretical Background & Kinematics

In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Layer Height dictates the exact Z-axis distance the print head moves up after completing a single layer. Physically, it determines the vertical resolution of the 3D printed object. When molten thermoplastic is extruded from the nozzle, it is squished against the layer below it. The layer height defines the volume of this squish and the resulting oval shape of the extruded line cross-section.

Z-axis Mechanical Resolution and Step Calculations

From a kinematic perspective, the stepper motors (typically NEMA 17 with 200 full steps per revolution, or $1.8^{\circ }$ step angle) on the Z-axis turn the lead screws by a specific angle to achieve this height.